Water Quality Evaluation and Driving Forces of Groundwater in Luanhe Delta

Groundwater is an important water supply source in the Luanhe Delta area, playing an important role in ensuring residents’ lives, supporting economic development, and maintaining ecological balance. This paper evaluates the water quality of groundwater in the study area and the results show that the groundwater in the shallow aquifer in the Luanhe Delta area has a high rate of water quality exceeding standards. There is widespread over-standard phenomenon of total hardness, total dissolved solids, nitrates, manganese, sulfates, chlorides, sodium, and ammonia nitrogen in the shallow aquifer. The water quality of the deep aquifer is significantly better than that of the shallow aquifer, and the over-standard indicators are mainly nitrates, fluorides, and arsenic. In terms of spatial distribution, the water quality of the shallow aquifer on the west side of the study area is poor, and the water quality of the shallow aquifer on the east side gradually deteriorates from the mountain front to the plain area. The water quality of the deep aquifer in the central region is good, while the water quality of the coastal areas and some mountain front areas is generally poor. It is suggested that groundwater quality monitoring should be strengthened in over-standard areas, and typical over-standard areas should be restored and treated.