Global food security faces unprecedented challenges due to climate change, population growth, and environmental degradation. This chapter explores the potential of agroecology and sustainable fisheries as transformative approaches to address these challenges. By integrating ecological principles into agriculture and fisheries management, these practices enhance biodiversity, improve ecosystem resilience, and contribute to long-term food provision. However, widespread adoption of agroecology and sustainable fisheries is hindered by factors such as limited access to resources, inadequate policy support, and market challenges. Overcoming these obstacles requires concerted efforts from governments, researchers, and communities to invest in education, research, and supportive policies. This chapter examines the key challenges and opportunities associated with promoting agroecology and sustainable fisheries and proposes strategies for their successful implementation to achieve food security and environmental sustainability. This chapter discusses the policies and their recommendations over national and international level along with the challenges faced in this domain as well as the strategies to improve.