The Paradox of the Plankton: The Kill the Winner Hypothesis

The “Kill the Winner” hypothesis explains the paradox of plankton diversity by suggesting that dominant species are targeted by predators and viruses, preventing any one species from taking over. This dynamic maintains biodiversity by allowing less dominant species to thrive when “winners” are controlled by predation. The concept applies not only to ocean ecosystems but also to the human gut microbiome, highlighting the importance of microbial interactions in maintaining ecosystem stability and health. Other theories, like “piggyback-the-Winner” and “Kill the Loser,” also contribute to our understanding of how diverse species coexist despite competing for the same resources.