Québec faces a key policy dilemma as it tries to maintain its distinct society, enhance its economic future, and maintain its demographic power in Canada. While Québec has some limited powers over immigration granted in the Canadian constitution, it uses cooperation with the Canadian government and paradiplomacy to enhance its powers. The recent refugee crisis of Roxham Road challenged Canada, Québec, and the United States to alter their policy. This chapter places the crisis in the context of paradiplomacy, the history of migration, and Québec’s attempt to maintain its distinct society. While the revision of the Safe Third Country Agreement mitigated the crisis, it did little to address the underlying concerns.