This chapter describes one of the most significant current sources of conflict between Québec and the United States, viz., lack of full access by American producers of dairy products to the Québec market. Although the law that limits imports is federal, the influence of Québec’s dairy industry, the largest in Canada, in Ottawa means that the policy reflects the interests of La belle province. The American administration of Joe Biden has filed two challenges against Canada’s actions to protect the dairy industry under the dispute resolution provision of the Canada-United States-Mexico Agreement (CUSMA). The Québec government has two choices regarding how to manage this growing conflict with the United States. It can continue its current approach of pressuring Ottawa to continue to deny access to American exporters of milk, cheese, yogurt, butter and ice cream, and to maintain supply management, or it can follow the example of New Zealand and choose pursuit of reciprocal trade arrangements under which Québec dairy producers and manufacturers gain access to the large American market in exchange for opening its market to American products. The latter option fits well with Québec’s policy of growing its exports to the United States and reducing its reliance on trade with English Canada but would cause a major restructuring of the province’s dairy industry.