The final chapter presents a concluding summary, policy and research implications, and directions for future research. The book underscores that building an industrial workforce requires recognising its central role in the productive transformation and industrial development strategy. However, it should be anchored in empirical evidence and in-depth analyses, and policy learning can provide an opportunity to catch up. Building an industrial workforce necessitates effective government policies and multidimensional intervention, constructing productive dialogue and collective learning between government and firms. Industrial hubs can reinforce inter-firm learning and provide the ecosystem, highlighting the potential and necessity of these strategies. Unlike mainstream views advocating minimal government intervention, generic prescriptions, and labour market flexibility, this case shows that government policies played a productive role. However, political constraints—political instability and domestic conflicts during 2020—2022 slowed workforce development in the industrialisation process. Amsden underlines that labour relations and workforce development have attracted little focus, as illustrated in South Korea’s late industrialisation experiences and industrial policy. Despite some progress in the field, there is a significant gap and a scarcity of empirical evidence on low-income economies, as can be observed in most African countries. The book also underscores the urgent need for additional studies, highlighting its relevance for policymaking and broader application across sectors and divergent national contexts.