The chapter focuses on recruitment and selection processes and the interaction with local communities, which is critical and a key process in ensuring employment goals, building an industrial workforce, and connecting industry and society with local and cultural aspects. It also examines the unified recruitment process introduced as a substitute for weak labour market institutions, the learning and adaptation process, its limitations, and its evolution. A critical element of the process is the induction of workers and the training of basic skills, which are reviewed. In some cases, the roles of local government have contributed to the success of targeted recruitment, although the intensity of the participation of local government varied significantly. This chapter shows that firms and the government struggled with the challenges, and tensions evolved over time. The complex problems surrounding government coordination show that government policy implementation was not smooth and that interests differed at the federal, regional and local levels. The different views of job seekers, communities, and government officers on factory work opportunities partly reflect the historical perspective of the development of industrial capitalism and the challenges of the transition from an agrarian economy to industrialisation, as highlighted by Thompson. The chapter provides new empirical evidence and analytical insights relevant to government policy design and firms’ strategies.