Women’s political empowerment is a key aspect of achieving gender equality around the world. While women’s political empowerment will be an important aspect of achieving more equal societies regardless of political context, global and regional gender equality indicators show glaring patterns of inequality that can only be explained in the context of the global South. Given the overwhelming evidence of unequal outcomes, it is imperative to understand the social barriers and challenges that women face in many societies. Women’s empowerment in political contexts is crucial for human rights and development and requires special attention to address grassroots and institutional barriers to participation. This article examines the complex social landscape of women’s political participation and leadership in developing countries and explains the key barriers limiting their meaningful engagement. Using a qualitative research approach, I will explore existing social barriers and challenges that women face when entering political arenas. I decided to draw on the extensive literature on the state of women’s rights and the socioeconomic conditions of women around the world to explore common themes, patterns, and theoretical frameworks that shape their electoral participation and quality of leadership.