Ancient Egypt is well-known for its legendary wealth of gold. The intensity of gold mining in Ancient Egypt is manifested by the high number of gold production sites recorded in the Eastern Desert. The gold mining activities extended from Predynastic time through the Pharaonic periods until the end of the Arab times (ca. 3000 BC till 1200 AD). There are widespread remaining tools and settlements as well as structures, which are related to gold production, preserved in those sites. These remains explain the development of gold mining techniques in the Eastern Desert. This chapter illustrates the history of gold production in ancient Egypt based on the surveillance of ancient sites and remains from the Eastern Desert of Egypt.