Uztáriz’s treatise advocated a new economic policy for the Spanish Bourbon monarchy: since commerce, at the beginning of the eighteenth century, had come to underpin the balance of power in the international system, he lobbied for strong state intervention to develop national industry and trade with the colonies. Combining his training as a military engineer and a strong expertise in the administrative field with the heuristic tools taken from French Colbertism, Spanish arbitrismo and maybe English Political Arithmetic, Uztáriz featured some possible countermeasures against the re-export Dutch trade and the aggressive economic policy carried out by England since the second half of the seventeenth century. However, he never considered the political solutions or economic data gained from his sources (Vauban, Dubos, Huet, Savary, Moncada, Fernández de Navarrete, etc.) as a theoretical knowledge, but rather a practical know-how, useful to devise an economic policy able to restore Spain as a new model commercial empire.