Uztáriz can be considered one of the most frequently quoted foreign economists in eighteenth-century Italy; in some Italian contexts (the Kingdom of Naples, Habsburg Lombardy, the Republic of Venice, the Duchy of Modena and the Papal State), he was regarded among the founding fathers of the new political economy as an academic and scientific discipline. His Theórica was read by Italian reformers and Enlightenment thinkers (Genovesi, Verri, Beccaria, Pagnini, Paradisi, Fracastoro, Vergani, Zanon, etc.) especially through the French translation by Forbonnais (1753), although in 1793 a Spanish expelled Jesuit, Gonzalo Adorno Hinojosa, released a new translation, this time directly from Spanish into Italian. Although it was a partial version (since Adorno translated almost half of original Uztáriz’s treatise), this latest version of the Theórica confirms that at the end of the eighteenth century Uztáriz’s economic ideas and political suggestions were still effective and attractive in several Italian states. The chapter examines the spread of Uztáriz’s Theórica in eighteenth-century Italy through its translations and the reasons for this enduring success.