The chapter “Contributions of Fisheries and Aquaculture to Food Security in Africa” explores the pivotal role of fisheries and aquaculture in addressing food security challenges across the continent. With Africa facing significant issues related to hunger, malnutrition, and economic instability, the sustainable exploitation of aquatic resources offers a viable solution to enhance food availability, affordability, and nutritional diversity. This chapter examines some state of fisheries and aquaculture in some part of Africa, their impact on food security, and the socio-economic benefits they provide to communities. It also discusses the challenges facing the sector, such as overfishing, climate change, and governance issues, while highlighting strategies for sustainable management and future growth among others. Through an in-depth analysis supported by case studies, figures, and data, this chapter underscores the importance of strengthening fisheries and aquaculture to build resilient food systems in Africa.