Freshwater ecosystems are vulnerable to climate change due to a number of reasons. For starters, many species in these ecosystems have limited mobility between fragmented areas, which affects their responsiveness to changing conditions. Second, climate changes have a direct impact on water temperature and availability, which in turn affects ecosystem dynamics. Finally, these systems are frequently exposed to severe human-induced stresses, which increase their susceptibility to environmental changes. To date, most research on climate change has focused on examining its effects on individual organisms or populations of species, rather than on broader levels of organization such as communities, food webs, and ecosystems. Changes in the composition and operation of aquatic ecosystems are expected to have negative effects on ecosystem services, such as those that are essential for guaranteeing the security of food and water. Consequently, any efforts towards developing and implementing climate action should prioritize freshwater ecosystems and their services, with particular attention to the provision of fresh water.