Understanding and promoting the importance of fish and fisheries in aquatic ecosystems through the lens of ecosystem services is vital for sustainability. Comprehensive assessments, backed by empirical research, are crucial to address management gaps and understand ecosystem dynamics. Evaluating regulating and supporting services, such as fish involvement in nutrient cycles and biodiversity is important. Public awareness is key in recognizing the significance of robust aquatic ecosystems for water quality, productivity, and biodiversity. Urgent measures involving sustainable land practices and understanding human impacts are imperative for managing and revitalizing water resources. The conservation of aquatic biodiversity is imperative for ensuring sustainable ecosystem services, supporting food security, and enhancing the resilience of communities and ecosystems. The aim of this book chapter is to provide an in-depth analysis and comprehensive understanding of the role of ecosystem services in relation to aquatic biodiversity, mainly in the context of food production and livelihoods. It seeks to explore challenges, discuss conservation efforts, and advocate for sustainable practices in order to ensure the well-being of aquatic ecosystems and human communities.