This section is dedicated to the most important examples of respiratory thinking within religions and cultures of Judeo-Christian, Islamic, as well as South and East Asian traditions. Throughout history, many cultures and religions have attributed a key role to the air and breath in their cosmicophysiological aspects. In Judeo-Christianity and Islam, breathing is attested in creational and practical religious and theological contexts. From the earliest creational myth of Judeo-Christianity in Genesis 2:7 to the Jesus’ soteriological breathing of the Holy Spirit onto the disciples as presented by John 20: 21–22, breath (as rûaḥ and pneuma) holds the preeminent cosmico-theological and religiously anthropological role. With the pivotal role of the Holy Spirit within Christianity, breath is present yet sometimes backgrounded by the theological doctrines focusing rather on dematerialized concepts as on respiratory, breathful, and material denominators (such as air and breath). With Plato and his influences in both Western philosophy and New Testament Christianity (and with the culmination of this trend in Augustine—it is with Augustine that pneuma becomes spiritualized and detached from material air in many theological trajectories), the forgetting of air and breath marks an important and unfortunate shift in orientation of these traditions and cultures. The aim of this section is to point to some of these less visible or represented aspects of Judeo-Christianity and to complement these views on respiratory thinking with a presentation of an important role of air and breath in Islamic religious cultures and mysticism.