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In Civil Engineering, many projects are designed based on geometric alignments, such as highways, railways, urban roads, tunnels, gas and oil pipelines, among many others. In these cases, alignments are composed of straight lines and curved segments arranged in space to fit the project to the existing terrain, as shown in Fig. 23.1. The linear elements, as shown in this figure, determine the geometric layout of the project and, consequently, the design guideline, which is composed of straight sections, defined by tangents or grades (gradients), and curved sections, defined by horizontal and vertical curves.

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Horizontal and Vertical Curves

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Irineu da Silva,
  • Paulo C. L. Segantine,
  • Marcelo Monari

摘要

In Civil Engineering, many projects are designed based on geometric alignments, such as highways, railways, urban roads, tunnels, gas and oil pipelines, among many others. In these cases, alignments are composed of straight lines and curved segments arranged in space to fit the project to the existing terrain, as shown in Fig. 23.1. The linear elements, as shown in this figure, determine the geometric layout of the project and, consequently, the design guideline, which is composed of straight sections, defined by tangents or grades (gradients), and curved sections, defined by horizontal and vertical curves.