The pharmaceutical industry, a major global sector, faces concerns as the release of pharmaceuticals and personal care products into the environment affects aquatic biota amid the rapid expansion of the economy, aquaculture, and livestock industries. This study focuses on a systematic review conducted in the Asian region, shedding light on the insufficient examination of the presence of specific PhACs, namely diclofenac, triclosan, propranolol, fluoxetine, and caffeine, in the aquatic biota of Asian countries. A comprehensive dataset comprising 56 records from 28 locations across Asia was compiled, revealing diclofenac as the most prevalent among the selected PhACs. Its extensive distribution in China is notable, attributed to numerous monitoring studies conducted in this country. The health risk assessment of diclofenac, triclosan, fluoxetine, and caffeine indicates a risk potential of <1, suggesting a low-risk level. As a result, the discoveries of this research are crucial for the surveillance of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PhACs) in aquatic biota habitats, offering valuable insights for future use.