This chapter explores the intricate effects of heavy metals on marine ecosystems, with a specific focus on the biological, metabolic pathways, and genetic impacts these contaminants have on marine life. Stemming from both natural sources and human activities, heavy metal contamination represents a critical threat to marine biodiversity and health. Through a detailed scientometric analysis, we dive into the wealth of academic literature to uncover and synthesize the latest research developments and trends in understanding how these metals interact with marine organisms, disrupt ecological balances, and penetrate food chains, posing risks to both marine life and human health. This analysis employs specific keywords encompassing marine environments, heavy metals, and molecular pathways to trace the research trajectory and impact in this field. The findings highlight a discernible shift in the research focus: from initial studies on bioaccumulation and field observations to a more nuanced understanding of the molecular responses to heavy metal exposure. Current trends predominantly emphasize the mechanistic exploration of antioxidant enzymes and signaling pathways activated under heavy metal stress. Notably, recent research with the highest citation rates predominantly centers on “DNA methyltransferases,” underscoring their critical role in epigenetic modifications. Such modifications are pivotal for the adaptability and resilience of marine organisms facing heavy metal-induced stress. This evolution in research paradigms reflects a broader scientific interest in decoding the intricate molecular mechanisms of heavy metal toxicity. It also signifies an advancing trend toward genetic, molecular, and bioremediation studies. These newer perspectives are crucial for developing innovative strategies to mitigate the impacts of heavy metals, revealing the dynamic progression of research in this vital environmental and ecological domain.