The ocean provides human society with an abundance of resources and serves as a vital supply of raw materials for the sustainable growth of the environment and society. As a result, it is critical to preserve the ocean ecosystem. Monitoring the ecosystem in the ocean is a crucial part of protecting the marine environment. For monitoring an ocean, it is essential to have a complete knowledge of indicators depicting the status of a marine ecosystem. Monitoring of ocean water quality (OWQ) offers information about the state of the water in near-shore and marine habitats. Oceanic waters’ physical, chemical, and biological properties can all be measured using OWQ. It is acknowledged that in order to facilitate both local and global comparisons, indicators must be applicable across a range of spatial scales and situations. However, when spatiotemporal patterns are complicated, developing and validating indicators becomes a fundamental challenge. This includes both direct evaluation of the chemical and physical aspects of water quality and indirect approaches to using biological indicators, functional diversity, and applying suitable ecological models for monitoring marine ecosystems.