Genetics is gaining increasing significance as the discovery of new genes considerably impacts the medical sciences. One of the main scientific projects in genetics is the Human Genome Project. This multi-disciplinary endeavor aims to learn the identity of every base stored in the human genome. The genome stores the blueprints for synthesizing a variety of proteins—the macromolecules that enable an organism to be structurally and functionally viable. The blueprint or the program for the synthesis of a single protein is called a gene, a unit in the DNA sequence that is generally between \(1 \times 10^3\) – \(1 \times 10^6 \, bp \) in length based upon the complexity of the protein that it codes for. A higher-level eukaryote contains as many as 30,000–40,000 genes. It has been estimated that gene coding region only accounts for 2–5% of the genome. The gene identification problem is recognizing these regions from an anonymous sequence of DNA.