Mining, particularly for copper, has long been considered ‘Chile’s national salary.’ Similarly, hopes for national wealth have long coexisted in tension with the environmental harms that mining causes—water use, toxic waste, landscape destruction, and more. This tension has become acute as mining has intensified and its impacts amplified with climate change. The CC grappled with these competing goals in its efforts to redefine the conditions for mining in Chile, aiming to create a framework better able to take mining into a future rocked by climate change. This chapter highlights the importance of constitutional reform for the governance of extractive operations, in Chile and elsewhere, as well as the implications of the CC Statute of Minerals (Articles 145–147) for how to assess and understand the global expansion of ‘green’ energy initiatives.