The Impact of Nrf2 Signalling Pathway in Redox Regulation, Inflammation Attenuation, and Management of Metabolic Syndrome: A Systematic Review

This comprehensive chapter explores the critical role ofNuclear erythroid factor-2 nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in the redox regulation of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS), offering a detailed analysis that bridges the gap between basic medical science and clinical application. MetS is characterized by conditions like insulin resistance, hyperglycaemia, hypertension, dyslipidaemiaDyslipidaemia, coronary heart disease, and stroke, posing a public health challenge worldwide. This review highlights theMetabolic syndromeepidemiology epidemiologyHypertensionepidemiology of MetS, diagnostic criteria, and the contribution of oxidative stress. Key areas addressed include the dual role of Nrf2 in metabolic regulation and oxidative stress, its implications in MetS aetiology, and its regulation by the ubiquitin–proteasomeProteasome system and autophagy. Evidence from experimental animal models and human studies is scrutinized to understand the therapeutic potential of targeting the Nrf2 pathways, as well as pharmacological activatorsPharmacological activators and inhibitors in MetS management. Methodological approaches and potential pitfalls in data interpretation are outlined. Overall, this review focuses on the impact of quality patient care and personalized medicine, and future research directions on the role of Nrf2 in MetS management.