Legumes, recognized as sources of protein, dietary fiber, and high-quality food and feed, occupy a prominent position in global crop production, ranking only behind cereals and oilseeds. Microgreens derived from seeds of these nutrient rich legumes are considered as superfood due to their concentrated levels of vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants. Legumes are sensitive to various environmental changes and vulnerable to various pests and diseases. Biotic stresses such as infections and infestations and abiotic stresses such as drought, salinity, heavy metal stress, nutrient deficiency, and exposure to extreme temperatures, have far-reaching consequences, which include stunted growth, reduced yields, and even plant death under extreme conditions. The inherent stress tolerance mechanisms often prove insufficient for effectively mitigating stress. To address these challenges, a deep understanding of how leguminous plants perceive and respond to stress signals is required, which is essential for generating stress-tolerant crop varieties. Conventional breeding methods, being expensive, laborious, and time consuming, have their own limitations in achieving stress resilience. The advent of new breeding techniques (NBTs), supported by genomics, molecular, and genome editing approaches, provides deep insights into the key components, processes, and pathways involved in stress tolerance. Within the purview of this chapter, we delve into the realms of various biotic and abiotic stress, while concurrently exploring the application and current status of a diverse array of molecular, genetic, and genomic resources to unveil the key components involved in mitigating stress. The key objective is the development of stress-tolerant leguminous crops and microgreens, culminating in enhanced crop productivity and global food security. In this context, leveraging existing information can aid in the development of more resilient leguminous microgreens with improved traits, contributing to sustainable agriculture and food systems.