Sustainable agriculture is the need to of the hour to address critical challenges like food shortage and environmental degradation. Soilless microgreen farming is emerging as an appropriate sustainable agricultural solution to alleviate these global problems. This review explores the multifaceted applications of nanotechnology in microgreen cultivation, ranging from health benefits to pest management and shelf-life extension. Microgreens, with their short growth period and nutrient-rich composition, offer significant advantages over fully grown counterparts. Nanomaterials play a crucial role in enhancing soilless farming practices by improving nutrient management, monitoring, and control through nanosensors, and optimizing nutrient delivery. Furthermore, nanoparticles can aid seed priming by enhancing seed performance and stress tolerance. In pest and disease management, nanoparticles exhibit antimicrobial and antiviral properties, offering novel solutions for crop protection. Nano packaging materials enhance the shelf life of harvested microgreens by mitigating quality deterioration and microbial growth. Overall, the integration of nanotechnology into microgreen cultivation represents a cutting-edge approach to sustainable agriculture, revolutionizing crop production, quality, and safety.