Micronutrient starvation, commonly known as hidden hunger, is very common in more than two billion people worldwide and the improvement of nutritional values via biofortification employing selective breeding and genetic enhancement methods represents a potential solution to mitigate this issue. Recognizing their historical significance in providing a nutritious diet and sustaining agricultural production, researchers have diligently pursued the acquisition of new genetic traits, including enhanced yield, biotic and abiotic stress tolerance, and nutrient quality, in legumes, which have long served as rich sources of protein and phytochemicals for human consumption over millennia. In last few years, the notable expansion of legume germplasms has laid the foundation for the utilization of state-of-the-art breeding methodologies, including genetic engineering, genomic editing, and selection, to enhance efforts for betterment of the crops. The emergence of advanced genetic engineering techniques like legume transformation and genome editing techniques, such as CRISPR/Cas9, Zinc Finger Nucleases (ZFNs), Transcription Activator-like Effector Nucleases (TALENs) empower molecular scientists to precisely and efficiently manipulate genes. Various methods for delivering DNA exist, with Agrobacterium-mediated and particle bombardment being commonly used for optimizing traits. Nonetheless, challenges such as recalcitrance and genotype-dependence hinder successful transformations. In this book chapter, we have discussed the recent progress, evolution and future prospects of these genetic engineering and genome editing tools with special emphasis to nutritional quality improvement of different legumes.