This review material discusses the most modern approaches to (micro) porometry of gas-filled composites for civil engineering, ecology, and hydraulics. It is proposed to consider some of these materials as smart materials. Trends in technology development are compared, as a result of which a conclusion is made about the transition from additive or average porosity analysis to the measurement of individual pores with their further morphometric processing and accumulation of their statistics to characterize the material. A new approach to microporometric analysis in real time is proposed, based on laser diffraction or diffraction emulation using a two-dimensional Fourier transform and some other mathematical operations in real time. We present images of the porometry of individual pores during the melting of the material, as well as their correlograms, which clearly change during the collapse of the pores, as with thermal extrusion and the use of porogens. It talks about the influence of a number of factors on the geometry and topology, and not just on the size of the pores formed with their use.