A Blockchain-Based Framework for Sustainable Supply Chain Management of the Mining Industry in Vietnam

The mining industry plays a crucial role in the global economy by providing essential resources such as coal, oil, gas, and metal ores. However, the complexity and diversity of the mining process present many challenges in supply chain management (SCM), including transparency, traceability, efficiency, and growing demands to adhere to environmental regulations and uphold sustainability practices. The emergence of Industry 5.0 has led to a transformation in supply chain dynamics, ushering in the era of sustainable supply chains. This paper proposes a Blockchain and Smart Contract framework to monitor sustainable mining SCM (SMSCM). Blockchain technology ensures a secure decentralized supply chain through a peer-to-peer network. By incorporating innovative tools like Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), LiDAR, and remote sensing tools, the framework addresses key issues including provenance, trust, consensus, inventory management, volume verification, and SCM monitoring. A methodology based on the Ethereum blockchain is outlined, demonstrating functions through a case study on coal mining in Vietnam, with detailed Smart Contracts (SC) implementation analysis.