Marian Croak

Dr. Marian Croak is a business executive credited with inventions that have helped establish the digital network. She began her working career at Bell Laboratories and moved to Google more than 30 years later. She is known, in particular, for the creation of methodologies to increase the reliability and operationalization of the Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), the process for holding the equivalent of a phone call through the Internet. A key to VoIP technology is the use of TCP/IP protocols in which signals are broken into packets, each of which travels via its optimum path to the receiver, where the packets are reassembled. The history of VoIP technology is discussed in this chapter.