Extraction Processes

For laboratory study and industrial exploration of lignin as a carbonaceous raw material or an end-product, it is desirable a high-purity with absence of impurities, which is not so easy to reach, mainly in the industry. Furthermore, it is of great interest to preserve the original chemical structure and conformation, which is even more difficult. This chapter discuss the main extraction processes to obtain lignin-types native, Kraft, Organosolv, soda and Klason, and recent advances as LignoBoost and LignoForce. Additionally, Kraft and Organosolv processes are evaluated according to green chemistry principles. And the LignoBoost process is presented as a case study.