Other Psychiatric Comorbidities and Borderline Personality Disorder

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) has been demonstrated to have highly frequent comorbidity with psychiatric disorders and other personality disorders, especially major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorders (BP), anxiety disorders, and substance use disorders (SUDs). According to the DSM-5-TR (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition, Text Revision, 2022), the most common comorbid disorders comprise depressive and bipolar disorders, substance use disorders, and anxiety disorders. Based on evidence, a markedly high prevalence of BPD has been found in bipolar disorder, and it was demonstrated that 20% of patients with BD have comorbid BPD, and almost 20% of individuals with BPD have BD. In addition, the lifetime prevalence of MDD in the course of BPD has been reported to be 83%. In line with a growing body of literature, anxiety disorders are greatly prevalent in individuals with BPD, with comorbidity rates of up to 90%, and approximately 75–90% of individuals with BPD exhibit at least one lifetime anxiety disorder. Furthermore, the prevalence of BPD among obsessive compulsive disorder patients has been estimated at approximately 5%. Moreover, a considerably high comorbidity of SUD diagnosis has been reported among individuals with BPD, and 5–32% of individuals with SUDs have shown elevated symptoms of BPD.