Microbiota in Breast Cancer: A Need for Further Knowledge

The human microbiome is a mysterious organ that plays an important role in many different aspects of health through its effects on metabolism, digestion, and immune systems. In addition, microbiota plays an active role in the development of many products that play an important role in the pathophysiology of various diseases, including cancer. Thanks to the Human Microbiome Project and the metagenomics and new-generation sequencing technologies that have developed along with it, remarkable advances have been made in understanding the relationship between breast cancer and the microbiome. But there are many issues that need to be researched on this subject. Whether microbiota dysbiosis is the beginning of the disease etiology or a consequence of the disease is one of the main questions that need to be answered as a result of a detailed examination. Because the microbiome is a unique and complex structure, important questions remain about the mechanisms of this vital microbial organ function. It is unclear whether a change in the microbiome/dysbiosis causes breast cancer or vice versa. The existence of specific microbial family associations with specific subtypes of breast cancer has been identified. A healthy microbiome’s composition should be determined as there are unknown details about this subject. Microbiota studies and probiotic supplements have the potential to create a promising treatment model for targeted prevention and treatment of breast cancer. We are witnessing the dawn of an entirely new age of patient-specific medicine. This review is an attempt to summarize the relationship between the human microbiome and breast cancer.