Comparison of Carbon Neutral City Plans Focused on GHG Accounting System
摘要
The concept of Carbon Neutral City (CNC) has been claimed as a lever of mitigating climate change by a setting an ambitious target of net zero emissions by 2050. However, the planning approach to carbon neutral cities including GHG accounting is varied as various strategies leading to very different pathways can be developed and implemented over time and there is still a lack of general consensus about the baseline emission inventory (BEI), goals, structure, contents and expected benefits of CNC plans. Furthermore, land use/spatial planning has not been taken into account as a pivotal source of carbon emissions for carbon neutral strategies. This paper attempts to overcome the gap by (1) considering the taxonomy of carbon neutral city domains, sub-domains and indicators provided by Kim and Thioye (Planning climate smart and wise cities. Springer, Heidelberg, Germany, 2022), (2) collecting a dataset associated with each domain, sub-domain and indicator from selected city reports, (3) analyzing the level of coverage of the domain, sub-domain and indicators and fulfillment of the consumption-based GHG accounting requirements, and (4) recommending future developments of carbon neutral city plans and the most appropriate actions in alignment with emerging global mechanisms. It also explores a platform for integrating carbon neutral city strategies into broad sustainable urban development and strategic plans. The integration platform is suggested to address how isolated and fragmented networks could be improved to meet the requirements for the achievement of smart infrastructure and service planning and management by using the layers of physical/spatial world with digital shadow grid applications (Kim and Thioye in Planning climate smart and wise cities. Springer, Heidelberg, Germany, 2022). This work may support city planners in evaluating the standards of carbon neutral city plans and designing future plans to enhance the level of carbon neutrality. The methodology might be used as a standardized guide to measure and monitor the actual level of carbon neutrality of a city.