Oncolytic Viral Therapy: A Promising Approach in Cancer Treatment

Oncolytic viral (OV) therapy has become an emergent tool to treat the cancer which exploits the specific replication and oncolysis of viruses in tumor cells keeping safeguard the surrounding healthy tissues. It can directly kill cancerous cells inducing an immune response against tumor antigens. Literature search was done in PubMed taking the keywords of oncolytic viral (OV) therapy to combat cancer and current literatures were focused to present different types of oncolytic viruses along with their precise mechanisms and application of OVs in clinical field. Furthermore, an attempt has been made to highlight the challenges and limitations associated with this therapy, such as host immune response and potential side effects. Finally, we discuss future directions to enhance the efficacy and optimize the clinical utility of oncolytic viral therapy, including combination strategies with other treatment modalities. The growing body of evidence supports the prospective of oncolytic viral therapy as a valuable addition to armamentarium of cancer therapy, offering new hope for improved patient outcomes and ultimately, the possibility of eradicating cancer.