Although we have not emphasized it, we now note some standard terminology. Generally, a structural member having one dimension much greater than the other two is called a rod if it is subjected to a tensile axial load, it is called a column if it is subjected to a compressive axial load, it is called a shaft if it is circular in cross-section and subjected to a torque, and it is called a beam if it is subjected to moments or transverse loads that induce bending. In this chapter, we focus on beams as well as columns that buckle (i.e., structural members having one dimension much greater than the other two and that bend laterally when loaded). As in Chap. 4 , we limit our examination to structural members that exhibit a linearly elastic, homogeneous, and isotropic (LEHI) behavior over small strains. Hence, again, the primary biomedical applications are (long) bones as well as select biomaterials. In addition, just as in Chap. 4 , we will see that the topics herein are essential to the design of different load cells, which, in turn, are important to many different areas of biomedical engineering, from gait analysis to studying mechanotransduction in cells. As in prior chapters, however, the most important thing is the deepening of one’s understanding of the general approach of mechanics, not the specific (textbook) applications or solutions.