Basic Principles of Automated Insulin Delivery Systems

Over the years, the delivery of this insulin into the body has evolved. The very first insulin administration over 100 years ago was injected using a glass reusable syringe with an 18-gauge needles requiring frequent sharpening using stones. From there an evolution of insulin delivery has sprung forth. With the foundation of continuous glucose monitoring these integrated diabetes-related technology devices can provide an external pancreas that monitors, administers, titrates, and suspends insulin while predicting glucose patterns using an algorithm capable of learning the metabolic nuances of the wearer. It is essential to remember to match the pump to the person, choosing the features, connectivity and accessibility based on the patient’s needs. The administration of insulin through mechanical means is not necessarily the end goal for person with diabetes, rather it is attempting to mimic pancreatic physiology through an automated insulin delivery systems or (AIDS) using integrated continuous glucose management when this system would better serve the patients insulin management needs. This chapter will review the history of insulin delivery device, review the current available options, and define the necessary steps in initiating insulin delivery devices in clinical practice.