Artificial Intelligence and the Future of Employment: Is It an Artificial Threat?

An intense debate has intensified for years around the question of the future of work whenever a revolutionary technology emerges. This debate has gained a little more momentum recently, particularly with the advent of the premises of artificial intelligence. This article discusses the effects likely to be brought by artificial intelligence on the labor market. The main contribution of our analytical framework, inspired by the theoretical model of Acemoglu and Restrepo [1] and Zeira [2], is that AI is likely to displace automatable jobs in countries which are endowed by the capital factor proportionally more important than the labor factor in the production process. It follows that in this destruction, new tasks more complex than existing tasks, requiring more skills, are created. While in the least technologically advanced countries, the impact of AI on employment would be negligible because the economic endowment of these countries in labor factor is greater than the capital factor, supposed to replace labor with AI, during production.