Molecular Mechanisms of Oxidative Stress-Induced Diseases

Low-grade chronic systemic inflammation plays a crucial role in the development of chronic diseases including metabolic syndrome, cancer, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Accumulation of fat is often linked to systemic oxidative stress via the elevation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Elevation of oxidative stress can lead to chronic inflammation and thus may modulate chronic disease. Indeed, oxidative stress can trigger many transcriptional factors including Wnt/β-catenin, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), and nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and thereby activates inflammatory pathways. In this chapter, we highlighted the underlying mechanisms of action involved in oxidative stress-induced diseases.