Introduction and Background

There are various sources of nutritionally mediated oxidative stress that cause inflammation. Substantial evidence highlights that excessive consumption of macronutrients can cause oxidative stress leading to inflammation through nuclear factor-kappa B- (NF-κB-) mediated cell signaling pathways. Animal-based proteins, dietary carbohydrates, and fats are crucial to highlight here because they may cause the long-term consequences of nutritionally mediated inflammation. Oxidative stress plays a significant role in metabolic disorders associated with diets high in animal-based proteins, carbohydrates, and fats. Obesity has reached epidemic proportions and is a major risk factor for numerous chronic diseases. Epidemiological studies have shown a link between high body mass index (BMI) and several chronic conditions, including chronic kidney disease, musculoskeletal disorders, various cancers, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. These conditions adversely affect quality of life and increase healthcare costs. However, the biological mechanisms underlying nutritionally mediated oxidative stress are complex and merit further discussion. This book aims to explore several issues related to nutrients and oxidative stress, including the fundamentals of oxidative metabolism, nutritionally mediated oxidative stress, molecular mechanisms of oxidative stress-induced diseases, high carbohydrate intake and type 2 diabetes, high animal-based protein consumption and cancer, excessive fat intake and cardiovascular disease, the role of food sources in oxidative stress-induced diseases, and future prospects.