Xanthan Gum–Soil Interactions
摘要
To the civil engineer, soil is any uncemented or weakly cemented accumulation of mineral grains formed by physical and/or chemical weathering of rocks, with the void spaces between the solids containing water (pore water) and/or air. Chemical weathering causes changes in mineral form of the parent rock leading to the formation of groups of colloidal crystalline particles (i.e., < 2-μm sized particles according to their civil engineering classification) known as clay minerals. Basic structural units of most clay minerals are a silicon–oxygen tetrahedron and an aluminum–hydroxyl octahedron, with the valency imbalances in both units resulting in net negative charges.