Agricultural waste has emerged as a pressing concern for numerous countries worldwide. While these wastes may be less toxic compared to other forms of waste, their volume poses a significant challenge. They can encroach upon valuable agricultural lands, encumber forests, and even infiltrate residential areas due to their extensive production. Moreover, efforts to recycle these agricultural wastes have, in some cases, resulted in the creation of additional hazardous byproducts. Thus, there arises a compelling need for innovative approaches to harness these agricultural residues for potential material fabrication, particularly with a focus on their applicability in biomedical contexts. In recent times, agricultural waste materialsWaste materials have gained considerable attention among researchers as a valuable resource for the synthesis of carbon-based nanomaterialsNanomaterials. Their richness in carbon content, coupled with the need for recycling, presents distinct advantages over conventional methods of carbon-based nanomaterial synthesis, which can have pronounced environmental impacts. This chapter offers a comprehensive overview of various agricultural waste sources and their potential utility in the synthesis of carbon nanomaterials. The discussion extends to exploring the diverse applications of these biosynthesized carbon nanomaterials within the field of biomedicine. Repurposing agricultural waste into advanced nanomaterialsNanomaterials with biomedical significance can potentially address both environmental concerns and the growing demand for innovative materials in the healthcare sector. This integration of sustainabilitySustainability and cutting-edge science underscores the transformative potential of agricultural waste in shaping a more sustainable and technology-driven future for various applications, particularly in the biomedicine space.