The primary obstacle facing supercapacitor technology at the moment is their failure to demonstrate that they can function on par with batteriesBatteries while also lowering their cost. Increasing the cell voltage or capacitance will increase the energyEnergy density. The capacitance is defined by the contact between the material of the electrodeElectrode and the electrolyte, whereas the latter is determined by the stability of the electrolyte. Therefore, by carefully selecting an electrolyte that enhances the electrode material and designing the electrode material rationally, it is possible to greatly improve the energy density of the supercapacitor capacitance. This will maximize the adsorption of ions from the electrolyte resulting in an electrode/electrolyte connection with a high-potential window. A novel way to improve the efficiency of storage of energyEnergy for supercapacitorsSupercapacitors and batteriesBatteries is provided by grapheneGraphene. Graphene-based materials, particularly supercapacitors (SCs), are being investigated extensively as potential active electrodeElectrode materials for energy storageEnergy storage and conversion devices. The key features that make them reliable and helpful conduits for charge transport are their large electrochemically active surface area, hierarchical porous structure, superior compressibility, high mechanicalMechanical stability, and great conductivity. Waste materialsWaste materials can be widely employed as precursors for the synthesis of grapheneGraphene, including sugarcane bagasseSugarcane bagasse, rice huskRice husk, tea waste, coconut shell, peanut shellPeanut shell, lotus stem, and hemp fiberHemp fiber. Numerous techniques have been devised for the synthesis of graphene, with chemical vapor deposition, hydrothermalHydrothermal reaction, chemical activationChemical activation, and chemical exfoliationChemical exfoliation being heavily employed in the handling of agricultural waste. This chapter describes in detail howWast derived graphene waste-derived grapheneGraphene can be used as an electrode material for supercapacitorsSupercapacitors.