This chapter provides an analysis of how ethics is discussed in the literature within the field of child and childhood studies and early childhood education. Inquiry that involves children is often discussed in terms of whether the research is conducted on, to, with, for, or by children. In this chapter, we problematize a value scale that positions research on children at the bad end of the scale and research by children at the good end. We look at how research departs from certain philosophical assumptions about ethics: ethics as social justice and fairness; ethics as inclusion, participation, and empowerment; and ethics as producing potential new worlds. We argue for multiethical perspectives, where different ethical underpinnings are laid side by side to strengthen research practices.