This chapter explores the history of the emergence of the Hermetic Library, demonstrating how interest in alchemy in Imperial Russia intensified in the last quarter of the 18th century among the Moscow Martinists from the circle of Nikolay Novikov. The research reveals that, initially, this interest was associated with the development of ideas on natural philosophy and theosophy characteristic of Prussian Rosicrucians. It was these connections with Prussian political figures (Woellner, Bischoffswerder) that led to Novikov’s arrest in 1792 and the subsequent crackdown on Rosicrucians in Russia. However, after Novikov’s release, a large-scale project was launched to create the first manuscript library of alchemical literature in Russian, known as the Hermetic Library. The chapter examines how the Martinists’ perception of alchemical thought evolved from 1782 to 1820s and how the Hermetic Library project became instrumental in revealing the concept of philosophia perennis.