Revelation Remix: Using Rapture Novels by Evangelical Movements in England and America in the Early 20th Century
摘要
In the 19th century, a hermeneutic innovation called dispensationalism gained popularity among evangelical Christians, particularly in England and the United States. It combined with another strand of belief called premillennialism to remix the Bible into a new and compelling apocalyptic narrative about the sudden disappearance of all Christians, and the seven years of tribulation that nonbelievers could be expected to endure under the tyranny of the Antichrist. This chapter examines the early Rapture novels Joseph Birkbeck Burroughs’ Titan, Son of Saturn (1905), Milton Stine’s The Devil’s Bride: A Present Day Arraignment of Formalism and Doubt in the Church and in Society, in the Light of the Holy Scriptures: Given in the Form of a Pleasing Story (1910), Joshua H. Foster’s The Judgment Day: A Story of the Seven Years of Great Tribulation (1910), and Sydney Watson’s In the Twinkling of an Eye (1910), The Mark of the Beast (1911), and Scarlet and Purple (1913), and their engagement with popular culture. Although Evangelical Movements in England and America had an uneasy relationship with fiction, with some adaptation it could be used to their purposes, and had unique advantages. I examine the works’ handling of contemporary entertainment, anti-Semitism, anxieties about whiteness, and concerns about new, totalizing systems of thought. While some of the critiques aged poorly even in evangelical circles, some of them were more insightful than they receive credit for.