The article examines the issue of the gradual transformation of the traditional linear economy into a closed-loop economy, which requires taking into account the role of transport logistics in the waste management system—an intermediary and a universal means of implementing real waste management mechanisms based on the principles of innovation and responsibility on the way to sustainable development. The purpose of the study is to substantiate and develop proposals for improving approaches to the analysis of the economic and ecological efficiency of the transport and logistics system of waste management in the context of the development of a closed cycle economy. The comparison of statistical data (according to the structure of waste, volume of its generation by industries, etc.) indicates the existence of certain problematic issues in the field of waste management in Ukraine and other countries of the world. The organizational and economic content of the concept of the transport and logistics system of waste management as a set of organizational, economic, ecological and other components and factors of the movement of waste from the points of its generation, collection or sorting to the destination in accordance with the optimal criteria of maximizing income, volume of cargo, gained further development saving time, costs and minimizing damage to the environment by the route scheme. The vectors of the economic-ecological development of the transport-logistics system on the level of efficiency of responsible waste management, whose definition is based on the principles of ecological sustainability and balance, social responsibility and the closure of the economic cycle of production, consumption and waste generation, are justified. An approach to the application of the transportation problem in the field of waste management is proposed, taking into account the total values of demand and supply for them, as well as the classification of losses associated with transportation in the field of waste management. The concept of circular economy is a synthesis of scientific developments in various directions, such as ecological economy, the theory of sustainable development, the concept of «cradle to cradle», green and blue economy, industrial ecology, biomimetics, and others. Since the economic circular involves the repurposing of business processes for maximum resource conservation and waste minimization through reuse, modernization and recycling, the study of this problem is an urgent task. The modern stage of enterprise development is characterized by the application of logistics management of production systems based on the principles of sustainable development and «green» economy. The organization of the logistics of production processes in the «attraction of resources—production—consumption—waste disposal» system provides for the formation and implementation of strategic, tactical, and operational solutions for the comprehensive solution of ecological and economic tasks of an industrial enterprise.