The chapter illustrates the original contributions of Chinese anthropology and ethnology, developed in a critical dialogue with the main international traditions. It considers how the increasingly authoritative Chinese disciplinary perspectives concur to expand the scientific horizons, beyond obsolete hegemonies. The text is the product of the author’s dialogue and collaboration with some of the leading Chinese scholars. It constitutes an introduction to the study of Chinese anthropology and ethnology that the scientific community has not yet considered with due attention.