East Asia

Phenological observations and research have a long history in East Asia. Countrywide phenological networks have been established mostly by national meteorological administrations or agencies during 1950s to 1980s. Since 2000, phenological research has made significant progress in China, Japan, and South Korea. The network data based-phenological research focuses mainly on four aspects: first, the temporal and spatial variation of plant phenology and its responses to climate change at individual and community levels by means of statistical methods; second, the effect of genetic diversity on phenological responses to climate change; third, identification and extrapolation of the vegetation growing season on the basis of plant community phenology and satellite data, and fourth, process-based spring and autumn phenology modeling and prediction.