Conclusion: Empathetic Policy Design for the Future
摘要
The concluding chapter discusses the further development of empathetic policy design practice, which is essential for transforming weakly democratic and robustly hierarchical systems in autocratic countries towards a more mature form of democracy with a more horizontal co-creation called ‘empathetic democracy’. It also explores how this practice can be pushed further beyond the feel-good politics of techno-authoritarian elites. It is true that, thus far, some elites have seen the practice as an opportunity for them to help marginalised people with short-term direct provision, which will enable them to enhance their popularity by appearing to be leaders with a heart, while continuing to operate under the shadow of hierarchy without any profound changes, especially at societal level. Finally, the chapter discusses mainstreaming empathetic policy design by plugging it into the existing system, while facing the challenges, tensions, and dilemmas that arise at the interface between ongoing hierarchical government and interactive governance.