This chapter shows how, in the Global South, penal dynamics has been ordered by a different set of issues and concerns from that to be found in the Global North. Using the Pacific Island of Tuvalu as an illustration, it shows how in fact, such societies have largely escaped the supposed “global firestorm of law and order” that has much preoccupied much northern scholarship. Instead, it has been possible to maintain very low levels of imprisonment. As is now the case on Tuvalu, though, this is imperilled by other factors stemming from “the North” that have undermined its traditional way of life and mode of dispute resolution: economic liberalisation, climate change and the imposition of human rights that undermine chiefly authority.