Various Enzymes to Treat Resistant Pollutants in Wastewater: A Sustainable Practice for Environment

Degrading resistant contaminants in wastewater, such as oil, grease, pesticides, medicines, and plastics, is challenging for conventional activated sludge processes. Due to their widespread presence, toxicity, resistance to natural biodegradation, and other detrimental effects, these pollutants pose a significant hazard to aquatic habitats and organisms. Enzymes are suggested as high-efficiency biocatalysts for the removal of these harsh contaminants. The functions and uses of enzymes in wastewater treatment were the main topics of this review. It goes over the importance of different kinds of enzymes, where they come from, how to remediate resistant pollutants using enzymatic processes, identify and test the ecotoxicity of enzymatic transformation products, and how commonly used enzymatic wastewater treatment systems are. There are suggestions for future study areas and perspectives on the main difficulties with enzyme-based wastewater treatment.